前言
《周南・关雎》是《诗经》里面我最喜欢的一篇,就因为“窈窕淑女,君子好逑”这句。
中文原版 wiki-詩經
《周南・关雎》
关关雎鸠,在河之洲。
窈窕淑女,君子好逑。
参差荇菜,左右流之。
窈窕淑女,寤寐求之。
求之不得,寤寐思服。
悠哉悠哉,辗转反侧。
参差荇菜,左右采之。
窈窕淑女,琴瑟友之。
参差荇菜,左右芼之。
窈窕淑女,钟鼓乐之。
英文译文
James Legge版 理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
Guan-guan go the ospreys, On the islet in the river. The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: – For our prince a good mate she. Here long, there short, is the duckweed, To the left, to the right, borne about by the current. The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: – Waking and sleeping, he sought her. He sought her and found her not, And waking and sleeping he thought about her. Long he thought; oh! long and anxiously; On his side, on his back, he turned, and back again. Here long, there short, is the duckweed; On the left, on the right, we gather it. The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: – With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome. Here long, there short, is the duckweed; On the left, on the right, we cook and present it. The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: – With bells and drums let us show our delight in her.
Arthur Waleys版 阿瑟.韦利(1889— 1967)
GUAN! GUAN! CRY THE FISH HAWKS from Zhounan Guan! Guan! Cry the fish hawks on sandbars in the river: a mild-mannered good girl, fine match for the gentleman. A ragged fringe is the floating-heart, left and right we trail it: that mild-mannered good girl, awake, asleep, I search for her. I search but cannot find her, awake, asleep, thinking of her, endlessly, endlessly, turning, tossing from side to side. A ragged fringe is the floating-heart, left and right we pick it: the mild-mannered good girl, harp and lute make friends with her. A ragged fringe is the floating-heart, left and right we sort it: the mild-mannered good girl, bell and drum delight her.
瞎读
仔细研读你会发现这2种都很有各自的风格特色。
对比这两者的翻译:
对比 | 前者译 | 后者译 |
---|---|---|
君子 |
our prince |
gentleman |
淑女 |
young lady |
good girl |
求之不得,寤寐思服 |
He sought her and found her not, And waking and sleeping he thought about her. |
I search but cannot find her, awake, asleep, thinking of her, |
你会发现:
前者的译文,用词较文雅含蓄讲究语法,如使用第三人称he
来表达自己的心意.
后者的译文,用词更贴近口语,果断直接地表述了自己的情感。如使用I
丝毫不羞涩哈哈哈.
导致这两者之间的风格差异一定和译者生活的时代,背景相关。
And then,我稍微搜索了一下两位译者的资料。
前者:
- 1843年,伦敦会传教士、苏格兰人理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)来到香港.他不为倾销或扩张而来,只是凭着虔诚的信仰和独特的基督教理念,他是一个真正意义上的基督教徒.
后者:
- 阿瑟.韦利(1889— 1967)是享誉世界的汉学家。《不列颠百科全书》这样介绍他:韦利是本世纪前半叶最杰出的东方学家,也是将东方语言翻译成英语的最杰出的翻译家。
前者生活在19世纪还是个虔诚的基督教徒,而后者生活在20世纪是个汉学家。
所以不难想象瞎编的:
前者的译文会更讲究语法,用词文雅含蓄。毕竟人家是个虔诚的基督教徒还是19世纪(19世纪可能对语法要求更苛刻些,我也不知道瞎掰的,有知道的。请评论告诉我下哈,是不是看不到评论的地方?那是因为你少了个梯子用来籓牆)
后者因为是汉学家肯定应该更会懂汉语要表达的味道,用句现代话来说就是:会说地道中文。(20世纪可能流行更口语更直白的情感表述方式吧哈哈哈)
如果要我在原诗和这两种译文中挑选喜欢的词句,我会挑:
挑选的来源 | 挑选的句子 | 正儿八经的理由 |
---|---|---|
《周南・关雎》 | 窈窕淑女,君子好逑。 |
大家都喜欢,而且还是千古名句,没毛病. |
James Legge版 | The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: – For our prince a good mate she. |
这个文雅含蓄适合和人谈论的时候可以用,毕竟我也是一个要面子的神经病. |
Arthur Waley版 | I search but cannot find her, awake, asleep, thinking of her, |
这样直白露骨的话,当然适合外冷内热的自己和自己说. |
两种译文没有优劣之分至少我不想区分,都让我十分喜欢!表达的思慕之情很扎心,可见古今中外,爱慕之心,人皆有之!