周南·关雎 Guan Ju

前言

《周南・关雎》是《诗经》里面我最喜欢的一篇,就因为“窈窕淑女,君子好逑”这句。

中文原版 wiki-詩經

  《周南・关雎》  
关关雎鸠,在河之洲。
窈窕淑女,君子好逑。

参差荇菜,左右流之。
窈窕淑女,寤寐求之。
求之不得,寤寐思服。
悠哉悠哉,辗转反侧。

参差荇菜,左右采之。
窈窕淑女,琴瑟友之。
参差荇菜,左右芼之。
窈窕淑女,钟鼓乐之。

英文译文

  • James Legge版 理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)

    Guan-guan go the ospreys,
    On the islet in the river.
    The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: –
    For our prince a good mate she.
    
    Here long, there short, is the duckweed,
    To the left, to the right, borne about by the current.
    The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: –
    Waking and sleeping, he sought her.
    He sought her and found her not,
    And waking and sleeping he thought about her.
    Long he thought; oh! long and anxiously;
    On his side, on his back, he turned, and back again.
    
    Here long, there short, is the duckweed;
    On the left, on the right, we gather it.
    The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: –
    With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome.
    Here long, there short, is the duckweed;
    On the left, on the right, we cook and present it.
    The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: –
    With bells and drums let us show our delight in her.
    
  • Arthur Waleys版 阿瑟.韦利(1889— 1967)

    GUAN! GUAN! CRY THE FISH HAWKS
    from Zhounan
    
    Guan! Guan! Cry the fish hawks on sandbars in the river:
    a mild-mannered good girl,
    fine match for the gentleman.
    
    A ragged fringe is the floating-heart,
    left and right we trail it:
    that mild-mannered good girl,
    awake, asleep, I search for her.
    I search but cannot find her,
    awake, asleep, thinking of her,
    endlessly, endlessly,
    turning, tossing from side to side.
    
    A ragged fringe is the floating-heart,
    left and right we pick it:
    the mild-mannered good girl,
    harp and lute make friends with her.
    A ragged fringe is the floating-heart,
    left and right we sort it:
    the mild-mannered good girl,
    bell and drum delight her.
    

瞎读

仔细研读你会发现这2种都很有各自的风格特色。
对比这两者的翻译:

对比 前者译 后者译
君子 our prince gentleman
淑女 young lady good girl
求之不得,寤寐思服 He sought her and found her not, And waking and sleeping he thought about her. I search but cannot find her, awake, asleep, thinking of her,

你会发现:

前者的译文,用词较文雅含蓄讲究语法,如使用第三人称he来表达自己的心意.
后者的译文,用词更贴近口语,果断直接地表述了自己的情感。如使用I丝毫不羞涩哈哈哈.

导致这两者之间的风格差异一定和译者生活的时代,背景相关。
And then,我稍微搜索了一下两位译者的资料。

前者:

  • 1843年,伦敦会传教士、苏格兰人理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)来到香港.他不为倾销或扩张而来,只是凭着虔诚的信仰和独特的基督教理念,他是一个真正意义上的基督教徒.

后者:

  • 阿瑟.韦利(1889— 1967)是享誉世界的汉学家。《不列颠百科全书》这样介绍他:韦利是本世纪前半叶最杰出的东方学家,也是将东方语言翻译成英语的最杰出的翻译家。

前者生活在19世纪还是个虔诚的基督教徒,而后者生活在20世纪是个汉学家。

所以不难想象瞎编的:

前者的译文会更讲究语法,用词文雅含蓄。毕竟人家是个虔诚的基督教徒还是19世纪(19世纪可能对语法要求更苛刻些,我也不知道瞎掰的,有知道的。请评论告诉我下哈,是不是看不到评论的地方?那是因为你少了个梯子用来籓牆)

后者因为是汉学家肯定应该更会懂汉语要表达的味道,用句现代话来说就是:会说地道中文。(20世纪可能流行更口语更直白的情感表述方式吧哈哈哈)

如果要我在原诗和这两种译文中挑选喜欢的词句,我会挑:

挑选的来源 挑选的句子 正儿八经的理由
《周南・关雎》 窈窕淑女,君子好逑。 大家都喜欢,而且还是千古名句,没毛病.
James Legge版 The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: – For our prince a good mate she. 这个文雅含蓄适合和人谈论的时候可以用,毕竟我也是一个要面子的神经病.
Arthur Waley版 I search but cannot find her, awake, asleep, thinking of her, 这样直白露骨的话,当然适合外冷内热的自己和自己说.

两种译文没有优劣之分至少我不想区分,都让我十分喜欢!表达的思慕之情很扎心,可见古今中外,爱慕之心,人皆有之!

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